# Modal vs Particle.AI

> Particle.AI sells cheap per-token Flash models with 1M context through Vercel AI Gateway. Modal sells per-second GPUs for models you bring. Tokens on tap versus compute you run.

Canonical: https://www.subconscious.dev/compare/modal-vs-particle-ai · By The Subconscious Team · Updated September 30, 2026

## How they compare

Particle.AI is an early startup selling tokens. On Vercel AI Gateway it serves DeepSeek V4.1 Flash at $0.25 in and $1 out, GLM 5.3 Flash at $0.10 in and $0.40 out and DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731 at $0.14 in and $0.28 out, all with 1M context and $0.03 cache reads. Modal sells no tokens. It is serverless GPU compute for Python, billed per second, where teams bring weights and serving code for whatever model they need. Particle is a price, Modal is a platform.

For cheap high-volume calls on those Flash models, Particle is simpler and likely cheaper than self-hosting, and it needs no new contract if you already use Vercel AI Gateway. Its gaps are a tiny catalog, a short track record and latency around 3.5 seconds on some listings. Modal fits the jobs Particle cannot do: custom and fine-tuned models, embeddings, OCR, transcription and batch processing. Its costs climb when containers stay warm or run on non-preemptible US capacity.

## What each one does

### Modal

Modal is serverless compute with GPUs attached. A developer decorates a Python function with the hardware it needs, such as gpu="H100", and Modal builds the container, schedules it, autoscales it and scales it back to zero. Billing runs per second with no minimum increment, from $0.59 an hour for a T4 to $3.95 for an H100 at list. Containers can hold up to 8 GPUs across T4 through B300.

### Particle.AI

Particle AI is an early San Francisco infrastructure startup with a mission to make intelligence as cheap and abundant as electricity. The team works on post-training, inference optimization and distributed systems, all aimed at pushing down cost per unit of intelligence. It is still hiring its founding team and works fully in person. Public detail about funding and founders is thin as of this writing.

## Which is best, and when

### Choose Modal for

- Any custom or fine-tuned model on demand.
- Non-LLM GPU jobs like OCR and embeddings.
- Python-native GPU services that scale to zero.

### Choose Particle.AI for

- Cheap Flash-model tokens with 1M context.
- A fallback route inside Vercel AI Gateway.
- High-volume calls with no infrastructure.

## At a glance

| Attribute | Modal | Particle.AI |
|---|---|---|
| Model access | Bring your own weights | Open weights |
| Flagship models | None hosted | DeepSeek V4.1 Flash, GLM 5.3 Flash |
| Speed | ~1s container boot | ~157 tok/s on DeepSeek V4.1 Flash |
| Price | Per second; H100 $3.95/hr list | $0.10 in, $0.40 out (GLM 5.3 Flash) |
| Customization | Run any training code | - |
| Deployment | Serverless GPU containers | Via Vercel AI Gateway |
| Long context | Depends on the model you deploy | 1M |

## FAQ

### What is the difference between Modal and Particle.AI?

Particle.AI sells cheap per-token Flash models with 1M context through Vercel AI Gateway. Modal sells per-second GPUs for models you bring. Tokens on tap versus compute you run.

### When should I choose Modal over Particle.AI?

Any custom or fine-tuned model on demand; Non-LLM GPU jobs like OCR and embeddings; Python-native GPU services that scale to zero.

### When should I choose Particle.AI over Modal?

Cheap Flash-model tokens with 1M context; A fallback route inside Vercel AI Gateway; High-volume calls with no infrastructure.

### Is Modal or Particle.AI cheaper?

Modal: Per second; H100 $3.95/hr list. Particle.AI: $0.10 in, $0.40 out (GLM 5.3 Flash). The cheaper choice depends on the model and workload.

### Which has more context, Modal or Particle.AI?

Modal: Depends on the model you deploy. Particle.AI: 1M.

## Running long-horizon agents?

If your agents run past 200K tokens, compare both against Subconscious: [Subconscious vs Modal](https://www.subconscious.dev/compare/subconscious-vs-modal.md), [Subconscious vs Particle.AI](https://www.subconscious.dev/compare/subconscious-vs-particle-ai.md).

Full profiles: [Modal](https://www.subconscious.dev/providers/modal.md), [Particle.AI](https://www.subconscious.dev/providers/particle-ai.md).